What About Fluoride?
Fluoride, in the most basic definition, is a naturally occurring mineral that strengthens teeth by replacing minerals that are lost due to acidic breakdown from food/bacteria. Fluoride can be received through topical treatments, supplements or the water supply in certain areas.
In some parts of the country, fluoride is found in the water system either naturally or added in. When ingested while permanent teeth are still developing, the fluoride enters the system and builds into the enamel making the teeth more resistant to decay. This uploading occurs in each tooth until they fully erupt. After that, the teeth can still benefit from topical applications of fluoride. In areas where there is no fluoride in the water system, a supplement is prescribed by either a pediatrician or the dentist for children with developing teeth.
After the teeth have erupted, they still benefit from fluoride, but the fluoride is no longer built-into the enamel and therefore systemic treatments (pills, drops) are no longer recommended. Instead, fluoride is used to fill gaps topically where enamel has broken down. Teeth are exposed to topical fluoride in a variety of ways: water systems (as we have already discussed), OTC toothpastes/ rinses, prescription toothpastes/rinses and in-office treatments.
Most toothpastes in the local grocery store contain fluoride—either stannous or sodium; but it’s wise to check the label. Fluoride mouth rinses also contain one of the two. Both strengthen the teeth, but stannous fluoride also has natural anti-gingivitis properties which are beneficial to patients who have trouble with active gum disease. Stannous fluoride has been known to stain the teeth especially when used in a mouth rinse, so it is important to talk to your dental hygienist at your cleaning appointment about which option is best for you.
Prescription fluoride toothpastes/rinses are available in the dental office or pharmacy. These work like the OTC versions except the fluoride is much stronger. OTC toothpastes contain around 1000ppm, while prescription pastes contain 5000ppm.
In-office fluoride treatments are applied via gel or foam trays (2% Sodium Fluoride). The preferred method of in office fluoride application, however, is a paint-on varnish (5% Sodium Fluoride). Varnishes are stronger, more effective, easily applied and allow for the patient to eat/drink/ rinse immediately afterward with some minor exceptions (alcohol, extra hot beverages, extra crunchy food). With gel or foam trays, the patient must wait 30 minutes to eat/drink afterward. The main downfall of the fluoride varnish is that it leaves a sticky film on the teeth for the remainder of the day or until it is brushed off. Most people find this to be a minor inconvenience, and modern varnishes have greatly improved in texture.
Is fluoride dangerous? Which one is right for me?
Please note: fluoride is completely safe when used as directed, however, it is poisonous and even lethal in large amounts. It is imperative to follow dosing directions and check-in with your dental provider about what types and amounts are best for you.